Table 2 Cases of GCA with CSF pleocytosis and their associated neurological findings
From: Aseptic meningitis in the setting of giant cell arteritis (GCA): a case report
Authors | Patient age | GCA features | Focal neurology | CSF findings | Neuroimaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hirsch et al [11] | 47 | Headache, fever, weight loss, fatigue, elevated ESR | Left hemiparesis | Hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis | Angiography: marked stenoses in intracranial arteries |
Salvarani et al [12] | 72 (case 2) | Headache, jaw claudication, elevated ESR | Spastic dysarthria, apraxia of speech, gait ataxia | Hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis | MRI: multiple widespread ischaemic infarcts |
Larivière et al [13] | 59 (case 2) | Headache, fever, weight loss, jaw claudication, scalp dysesthesia, diplopia, amaurosis, elevated CRP | Left hemidysesthesia, and horizontal diplopia | Pleocytosis | MRI: multiple small acute ischemic lesions, left frontal lobe ischaemia |
72 (case 4) | Headache, weight loss, jaw claudication, scalp hyperesthesia, left amaurosis, elevated CRP | Left upper limb paresis, gait ataxia | Hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis | MRI: bilateral cerebellar infarcts | |
Parra et al [14] | 56 | Headache, weight loss, tender temporal arteries, raised CRP and ESR | Left central facial palsy, spastic tetraparesis, impaired awareness | Pleocytosis | MRI: multiple watershed infarcts, intracranial dissections |
Roelcke et al [18] | 63 | Headache, neck stiffness, fever, jaw claudication, tender temporal artery, raised ESR | Bilateral 7th nerve palsy | Hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis | MRI: right cerebellar tentorium meningeal enhancement; normal parenchyma |
Kutty et al [20] | 53 | Headache, fever, right orbital pain, raised CRP and ESR | Absent | Hyperproteinorrachia and pleocytosis | MRI: focal enhancement of dura |
Present case | 76 | Headache, fever, weight loss, fatigue, scalp tenderness, elevated CRP and ESR | Absent | Pleocytosis | MRI: no acute infarct |