Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants
Characteristics | Total | Alive | Deceased | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N(%) | 1101(100.0) | 660(59.95) | 441(40.05) | Â |
Sex, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 Male | 466 (42.3) | 258 (39.1) | 208 (47.2) |  |
 Female | 635 (57.7) | 402 (60.9) | 233 (52.8) |  |
Age, Mean ± SD | 60.8 ± 14.3 | 54.9 ± 13.2 | 69.7 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 179 (16.3) | 126 (19.1) | 53 (12) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 72 (6.5) | 56 (8.5) | 16 (3.6) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 528 (48.0) | 278 (42.1) | 250 (56.7) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 294 (26.7) | 184 (27.9) | 110 (24.9) |  |
 Other Race - Including Multi-Racial | 28 (2.5) | 16 (2.4) | 12 (2.7) |  |
Education level, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Less than 11th grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma) | 439 (39.9) | 234 (35.5) | 205 (46.5) |  |
 High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 264 (24.0) | 142 (21.5) | 122 (27.7) |  |
 College or AA degree or above | 398 (36.1) | 284 (43) | 114 (25.9) |  |
Marital status, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Married or Living with partner | 477 (43.3) | 259 (39.2) | 218 (49.4) |  |
 Other | 624 (56.7) | 401 (60.8) | 223 (50.6) |  |
Annual household income, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 ≤$24,999 | 521 (47.3) | 272 (41.2) | 249 (56.5) |  |
 $25,000 to $64,999 | 391 (35.5) | 236 (35.8) | 155 (35.1) |  |
 ≥$65,000 | 189 (17.2) | 152 (23) | 37 (8.4) |  |
Hypertension, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 476 (43.2) | 320 (48.5) | 156 (35.4) |  |
 Yes | 625 (56.8) | 340 (51.5) | 285 (64.6) |  |
Diabetes, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 871 (79.1) | 545 (82.6) | 326 (73.9) |  |
 Yes | 230 (20.9) | 115 (17.4) | 115 (26.1) |  |
Chronic respiratory diseases, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.471 |
 No | 829 (75.3) | 502 (76.1) | 327 (74.1) |  |
 Yes | 272 (24.7) | 158 (23.9) | 114 (25.9) |  |
Chronic heart disease, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 933 (84.7) | 602 (91.2) | 331 (75.1) |  |
 Yes | 168 (15.3) | 58 (8.8) | 110 (24.9) |  |
Drug use, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 921 (83.7) | 512 (77.6) | 409 (92.7) |  |
 Yes | 180 (16.3) | 148 (22.4) | 32 (7.3) |  |
Stroke, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 998 (90.6) | 618 (93.6) | 380 (86.2) |  |
 Yes | 103 (9.4) | 42 (6.4) | 61 (13.8) |  |
Malignancy, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 940 (85.4) | 586 (88.8) | 354 (80.3) |  |
 Yes | 161 (14.6) | 74 (11.2) | 87 (19.7) |  |
Smoking, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.03 |
 No | 440 (40.0) | 281 (42.6) | 159 (36.1) |  |
 Yes | 661 (60.0) | 379 (57.4) | 282 (63.9) |  |
Alcohol uses, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.018 |
 No | 403 (36.6) | 223 (33.8) | 180 (40.8) |  |
 Yes | 698 (63.4) | 437 (66.2) | 261 (59.2) |  |
BMI(kg/m2),Mean ± SD | 30.3 ± 7.2 | 31.0 ± 7.4 | 29.4 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
HGB(g/dL), Mean ± SD | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 14.0 ± 1.5 | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 0.094 |
ALB(g/L), Mean ± SD | 41.6 ± 3.4 | 41.8 ± 3.2 | 41.2 ± 3.7 | 0.012 |
GLB(g/L), Mean ± SD | 31.1 ± 5.4 | 30.9 ± 5.1 | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 0.106 |
ALT(U/L), Median (IQR) | 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 20.0 (15.0,28.0) | 0.006 |
Scr(umol/L), Median (IQR) | 74.3 (61.9, 90.2) | 70.7 (61.9, 86.6) | 79.6 (65.4,97.2) | < 0.001 |
CRP(mg/dL), Median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 0.019 |
CALLY index(IQR) | 41.1(17.2,104.4) | 45.9(18.9,115.4) | 28.6(12.4,66) | < 0.001 |
Log - CALLY | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Follow-up time(month)(IQR) | 137.0(111.0,193.0) | 152.0(130.0,210.0) | 98.0(54.0,144.0) | < 0.001 |