Table 4 Univariate analysis and logistic regression of the association between sociodemographic variables, etiological groups, and AI diagnostic performance

ChatGPT-4

Age < 50 years

43 (48.31)

0.93

0.454

Male sex

53 (59.55)

0.40

0.092

0.28

[0.06 ; 1.32]

0.108

Infectious diseases

45 (50.56)

2.55

0.106

1.49

[0.36 ; 6.05]

0.571

Degenerative diseases

13 (14.61)

1.02

0.644

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

16 (17.98)

2.84

0.280

Microcrystalline diseases

11 (12.36)

0.84

0.558

Neoplastic diseases

4 (4.49)

0.08

0.002

0.08

[0.01; 0.45]

0.004

Gemini

Age < 50 years

38 (51.35)

1.49

0.187

1.89

[0.74; 4.81]

0.178

Male sex

42 (56.76)

0.41

0.056

0.40

[0.14; 1.14]

0.089

Infectious diseases

34 (45.95)

0.79

0.378

Degenerative diseases

12 (16.22)

1.67

0.337

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

16 (21.62)

7.72

0.018

6.13

[0.74; 50.43]

0.091

Microcrystalline diseases

8 (10.81)

0.58

0.281

Neoplastic diseases

4 (5.41)

0.27

0.041

0.27

[0.06; 1.22]

0.089

Copilot

Age < 50 years

42 (53.85)

2.47

0.046

3.36

[1.16; 9.71]

0.025

Male sex

46 (58.97)

0.55

0.176

0.40

[0.13; 1.20]

0.105

Infectious diseases

40 (51.28)

1.87

0.135

1.33

[0.46; 3.80]

0.587

Degenerative diseases

12 (15.38)

1.33

0.480

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

14 (17.95)

1.60

0.361

Microcrystalline diseases

9 (11.54)

0.68

0.389

Neoplastic diseases

3 (3.85)

0.12

0.005

0.09

[0.01; 0.54]

0.007

Claude AI

Age < 50 years

43 (48.86)

1.09

0.549

Male sex

55 (62.50)

1.11

0.534

Infectious diseases

45 (51.14)

2.87

0.068

3.37

[0.65; 17.50]

0.147

Degenerative diseases

11 (12.50)

0.39

0.148

0.82

[0.04; 0.82]

0.826

Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

16 (18.18)

3.11

0.147

4.80

[0.43; 52.76]

0.199

Microcrystalline diseases

10 (11.36)

0.51

0.286

Neoplastic diseases

6 (6.82)

0.29

0.122

0.60

[0.09; 3.98]

0.597